Diet for high cholesterol

• Efficiency:therapeutic effect after 2 months
• Dates:2 months or more

General rules

increased levelcholesterolin the blood is a risk factoratherosclerosis.

This fat-like substance is necessary for formation.enzymes,hormonesAnd other things. However, when its metabolism is disturbed and its level in the blood is high, irreversible changes develop in the vascular wall - atherosclerosis, which is dangerous due to its complications (myocardial infarction,stroke, interruption of blood supply to various organs).

The imbalance between the fractions: low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is considered dangerous in terms of the development of atherosclerosis. The former have an atherogenic effect and their high content poses a risk of cardiovascular diseases. The body produces high-density ("good") cholesterol. Moderate physical activity favors its production and at the same time reduces the accumulation of harmful substances, which only come from food.

Nutritional therapy has been developed to reduce cholesterol levels. A diet to reduce blood cholesterol levels can be used in the treatment and prevention of diseases; It is suitable for people who monitor their health. Its goal is to improve lipid metabolism and weight loss. The main principle of this diet is the reduction of animal fat, which we obtain from meat, fatty dairy products and simple carbohydrates. Polyunsaturated fats (their sources are vegetable oils and nuts), fiber and complex carbohydrates (we obtain them from vegetables, cereals and bran) should predominate in the diet. It is the large amount of fiber that helps remove excess cholesterol from the gastrointestinal tract. The protein content of this therapeutic diet is within normal limits and can be obtained by consuming a variety of legumes and lean meats.

The amount of bread does not exceed 200 g per day, the use of diet bread with bran is also allowed. Salt and the amount of liquid consumed are limited to 1. 2 liters. Dishes must be prepared without salt, but salt is allowed to be added to foods prepared at the table. Vegetables are eaten raw or stewed, and it is best to boil (bake) meat and fish to reduce fat in the diet. It is important to eat lots of vegetables at dinner. The daily calorie content is 1400-1500 kcal.

Basic principles of nutrition for high blood cholesterol:

• Grains, vegetables and fruits, which contain complex carbohydrates and high amounts of fiber, should make up about 60% of the diet. It is necessary to eat 400 g of vegetables per day (one third fresh) and 200 g of cereal products.
• The predominance of vegetable oils in the diet.
• Moderate consumption of dairy products allowed.
• The diet for high cholesterol includes fish, chicken and turkey, which are the preferred foods, and lean meat should take second place in the diet.
• The amount of salt is minimal.
• 2-3 eggs per week (unlimited protein).
• Avoid feeling hungry (take fruit snacks on time).

The diet for high cholesterol in women is no different from that for men and the general principles of nutrition remain the same. Total cholesterol in women and men should not exceed 5. 2 mmol/l; a figure of 6. 19 mmol/l is already considered significantly higher. HDL in women should be at least 0. 9 mmol/l and up to 1. 9 mmol/l, in men this figure is different: from 0. 7 to 1. 7 mmol/l.

The onset of menopause negatively affects cholesterol metabolism and is explained by the fact that with the onset of its synthesisistrogendecreases and regulates the production of "good" cholesterol. The increase in "bad" is facilitated by a woman's sedentary lifestyle, overeating and consumption of fatty and high-calorie foods.

The diet of women with high cholesterol should contain, as much as possible, foods of plant origin, rich inphytosterolsthat control and reduce bad cholesterol levels:

• wheat germ;
• Sesame seeds;
• sunflower seeds;
• flax seed;
• olive oil;
• Grape seed oil;
• avocado.

Vegetables and fruits containingpectin: apples, citrus fruits, beets, watermelons and natural vegetable juices. Remember that all purple and red fruits and vegetables contain polyphenols that stimulate the production of good cholesterol: blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, cranberry juice, chokeberries, cranberries, pomegranates, purple and red grapes, plums, eggplants. Green leafy salads and vegetables are also useful: cabbage, lettuce, spinach, sorrel, artichoke and parsley, dill and chives available to everyone.

It is imperative to include legumes in your diet, which, due to their high fiber content, will eliminate harmful cholesterol from the intestines. In terms of protein content, they can replace meat.

It is beneficial for older women to consume soy products containingphytoestrogens. Do not forget about proper culinary processing of meat and fish (a minimum of fat when cooking), it is best to bake in the oven, in pots or steam.

Taking into account women's desire for sweets, it will be very difficult to give up sweet cream, chocolate and candy products, cakes, cookies, waffles and limit yourself to sugar consumption. But this must be done. Fatty meat should also disappear from the diet, processed meat (sausages, boiled pork) will have to be abandoned. Pork, lard and bacon are prohibited. Don't forget about the need to do physical activity. All this will only bring benefits: your tests will normalize, your weight will go down, and you will consider yourself attractive.

High cholesterol is often observed in diseases of the internal organs and endocrine system:nephritis,hypothyroidism,obesity,diabetes. This combined pathology requires a special approach to nutrition and more serious treatment. In each case, the problem is solved individually and therapeutic nutrition is prescribed for the underlying disease. For example, what diet is indicated for high cholesterol due to kidney disease? In this case you must complyTable No. 7and its varieties.Diet 7It is prescribed for chronic kidney disease and, in addition to limiting salt and the amount of fluid drunk, involves excluding foods rich in cholesterol (kidneys, liver, egg yolk, brains).

Indications

Shown when available:

• high cholesterol levels;
• over weight;
• hypertension;
• Mellitus diabetes;
• diseases myocardial infarction and stroke.

Authorized products

Proper nutrition for high cholesterol should become the norm. That should be? First of all, you need to exclude meat broths: prepare vegetarian soups; If you find this difficult and unusual, you can use a weak secondary broth for the first courses and carefully skim off the fat. Use potatoes in minimal quantities and it is better to prepare mixed vegetable soups, cabbage soup and borscht.

Meat and poultry should be lean; bird skin is unacceptable; Extra fat should be removed from the meat. Since the diet involves limiting fats, meat should be boiled or baked without adding sour cream, mayonnaise or any fat. Use vegetables as a side dish, not cereals. It is best to cook them for breakfast (oatmeal, buckwheat and brown rice).

Cabbage (all types), carrots, zucchini, pumpkin, eggplant or salads based on fresh vegetables and peas will help reduce cholesterol levels. The total amount of vegetables consumed per day is at least 400 g.

Use virgin vegetable oils to season prepared dishes. In this sense, linseed oil, the leader in fatty acid content, is useful.Omega 3regulating the production of beneficial lipids.

Cholesterol level can be reduced by introducing low-fat sea fish into the diet, but meat (chicken) consumption should still be limited to once a week. When it comes to fish, you should choose dietary varieties: hake, haddock, blue whiting, navaga, haddock, haddock.

Bread made from rye, cereal flour and bran is allowed. You can use unleavened bread (with bran, with flax seeds) as snacks and first courses. Milk and fermented milk products are only allowed in low fat content and in limited quantities. Green tea and weak coffee with milk and without sugar, unsweetened fruit and vegetable juices are allowed.

Table of permitted products

	Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g.	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
eggplant	1. 2	0. 1	Four. Five	24
beans	6. 0	0. 1	8. 5	57
zucchini	0, 6	0. 3	4. 6	24
cabbage	1. 8	0. 1	4. 7	27
broccoli	3. 0	0, 4	5. 2	28
Brussels sprouts	4. 8	0. 0	8. 0	43
cauliflower	2. 5	0. 3	5. 4	thirty
green onion	1. 3	0. 0	4. 6	19
bulb onions	1. 4	0. 0	10. 4	41
carrot	1. 3	0. 1	6. 9	32
cucumbers	0, 8	0. 1	2. 8	fifteen
pumpkin	0, 6	0. 1	4. 3	19
salad pepper	1. 3	0. 0	5. 3	27
parsley	3. 7	0, 4	7. 6	47
salad	1. 2	0. 3	1. 3	12
beet	fifteen	0. 1	8. 8	40
celery	0, 9	0. 1	twenty-one	12
soy	34, 9	17. 3	17. 3	381
asparagus	1. 9	0. 1	3. 1	twenty
Tomatoes	0, 6	0, 2	4. 2	twenty
Jerusalem artichoke	twenty-one	0. 1	12. 8	61
pumpkin	1. 3	0. 3	7. 7	28
dill	2. 5	0. 5	6. 3	38
beans	7. 8	0. 5	21, 5	123
garlic	6. 5	0. 5	29, 9	143
lentils	24. 0	fifteen	42, 7	284
fruit
avocado	twenty	200	7. 4	208
oranges	0, 9	0, 2	8. 1	36
grenade	0, 9	0. 0	13. 9	52
grapefruit	0, 7	0, 2	6. 5	29
pears	0, 4	0. 3	10. 9	42
lemons	0, 9	0. 1	3. 0	sixteen
mango	0. 5	0. 3	11. 5	67
tangerines	0, 8	0, 2	7. 5	33
nectarine	0, 9	0, 2	11. 8	48
peaches	0, 9	0. 1	11. 3	46
apples	0, 4	0, 4	9. 8	47
Berries
Currant	0, 7	0, 2	12. 0	43
red currants	0, 6	0, 2	7. 7	43
black currant	1. 0	0, 4	7. 3	44
Nuts and dried fruits
walnuts	15. 0	40. 0	200	500
almond	18. 6	57, 7	16. 2	645
flax seeds	18. 3	42. 2	28, 9	534
fenugreek seeds	23. 0	6. 4	58. 3	323
sunflower seeds	20. 7	52, 9	3. 4	578
Cereals and porridges
buckwheat (grain)	12. 6	3. 3	62. 1	313
oat grains	12. 3	6. 1	59, 5	342
cereals	11. 9	7. 2	69. 3	366
wheat bran	15. 1	3. 8	53, 6	296
Raw materials and seasonings.
basil	2. 5	0, 6	4. 3	27
Honey	0, 8	0. 0	81, 5	329
Dairy
kefir 0%	3. 0	0. 1	3. 8	thirty
kefir 1%	2. 8	1. 0	4. 0	40
Cheeses and cottage cheese
cottage cheese 0. 6% (low fat)	18. 0	0, 6	1. 8	88
curd tofu	8. 1	4. 2	0, 6	73
meat products
beef	18. 9	19. 4	0. 0	187
Bird
chicken fillet	23. 1	1. 2	0. 0	110
turkey	19. 2	0, 7	0. 0	84
Eggs
eggs	12. 7	10. 9	0, 7	157
Fish and seafood
fish	18. 5	4. 9	0. 0	136
seaweed	0, 8	5. 1	0. 0	49
Oils and fats
Grape seed oil	0. 0	99, 9	0. 0	899
linseed oil	0. 0	99. 8	0. 0	898
olive oil	0. 0	99. 8	0. 0	898
sunflower oil	0. 0	99, 9	0. 0	899
Non-alcoholic beverages
mineral water	0. 0	0. 0	0. 0	-
instant chicory	0. 1	0. 0	2. 8	eleven
Green Tea	0. 0	0. 0	0. 0	-
*data is per 100 g of product

Totally or partially limited products

Excluded: pork, cooking fats, refined vegetable oils, margarine, butter, duck and goose meat, offal (kidneys, brains, liver), sausages and smoked meats. Fatty fish, fish eggs (they contain a large amount of cholesterol), crabs, shrimp, crabs and any canned fish, including cod liver, are prohibited.

Products made from puff pastry or butter dough, or very extractive meat, fish or mushroom broths, should not be consumed. Cream, fatty cottage cheese and sour cream are not allowed in the diet. Ban on the consumption of chocolate, full-fat ice cream, products with cream and products with palm and coconut oil. Mayonnaise and ketchup should not be used as sauces.

Limit:

• beef (1-2 times a week);
• red fish;
• egg yolks;
• dad;
• fatty cheeses;
• walnuts;
• buckwheat;
• Honey.

Table of prohibited products

	Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g.	Calories, kcal
fruit
bananas	fifteen	0, 2	21. 8	95
Nuts and dried fruits
happens	2. 9	0, 6	66. 0	264
Cereals and porridges
semolina	10. 3	1. 0	73. 3	328
White rice	6. 7	0, 7	78, 9	344
flour and pasta
pasta	10. 4	eleven	69, 7	337
Bakery products
bagels	16. 0	1. 0	70. 0	336
bagels	16. 0	1. 0	70. 0	336
pretzels	11. 2	1. 4	72. 2	331
Confectionery
jam	0. 3	0, 2	63. 0	263
jam	0. 3	0. 1	56. 0	238
sweets	4. 3	19. 8	67, 5	453
custard cream	0, 2	26. 0	16. 5	300
Frozen
frozen	3. 7	6. 9	22. 1	189
Cakes
cake	4. 4	2. 3. 4	45. 2	407
Chocolate
chocolate	5. 4	35. 3	56, 5	544
Raw materials and seasonings.
ketchup	1. 8	1. 0	22. 2	93
mayonnaise	2. 4	67. 0	3. 9	627
Dairy
cream	2. 8	200	3. 7	205
sour cream 30%	2. 4	30. 0	3. 1	294
sour cream 40% (fat)	2. 4	40. 0	2. 6	381
Cheeses and cottage cheese
cheese	24. 1	29, 5	0. 3	363
cottage cheese 18% (fat)	14. 0	18. 0	2. 8	232
meat products
pig	16. 0	21. 6	0. 0	259
pork liver	18. 8	3. 6	0. 0	108
pork kidneys	13. 0	3. 1	0. 0	80
pork fat	1. 4	92, 8	0. 0	841
lounge	2. 4	89. 0	0. 0	797
cow liver	17. 4	3. 1	0. 0	98
beef kidneys	12. 5	1. 8	0. 0	66
beef brains	9. 5	9. 5	0. 0	124
Mutton	15. 6	16. 3	0. 0	209
Sausages
smoked sausage	16. 2	44, 6	0. 0	466
smoked sausage	9. 9	63. 2	0. 3	608
sausages	10. 1	31, 6	1. 9	332
sausages	12. 3	25. 3	0. 0	277
Bird
smoked chicken	27, 5	8. 2	0. 0	184
duck	16. 5	61. 2	0. 0	346
smoked duck	19. 0	28. 4	0. 0	337
goose	16. 1	33. 3	0. 0	364
Fish and seafood
smoked fish	26, 8	9. 9	0. 0	196
salted fish	19. 2	twenty	0. 0	190
red caviar	32. 0	15. 0	0. 0	263
black caviar	28. 0	9. 7	0. 0	203
squid	21. 2	2. 8	twenty	122
shrimp	22. 0	1. 0	0. 0	97
salmon	19. 8	6. 3	0. 0	142
sturgeon	16. 4	10. 9	0. 0	163
canned fish	17, 5	twenty	0. 0	88
semi-finished fish products	12. 5	6. 7	14. 7	209
sardine	20. 6	9. 6	-	169
mackerel	18. 0	13. 2	0. 0	191
cod (liver in oil)	4. 2	65, 7	1. 2	613
boiled oysters	14. 0	3. 0	-	95
fresh oysters	14. 0	6. 0	0. 3	95
Oils and fats
butter	0. 5	82, 5	0, 8	748
creamy margarine	0. 5	82. 0	0. 0	745
coconut oil	0. 0	99, 9	0. 0	899
Palm oil	0. 0	99, 9	0. 0	899
rendered beef fat	0. 0	99, 7	0. 0	897
cooking fat	0. 0	99, 7	0. 0	897
rendered pork fat	0. 0	99. 6	0. 0	896
Non-alcoholic beverages
Salary readjustment	0. 0	0. 0	10. 4	42
lemonade	0. 0	0. 0	6. 4	26
Pepsi	0. 0	0. 0	8. 7	38
elf	0. 1	0. 0	7. 0	29
*data is per 100 g of product

Menu (power mode)

The cholesterol diet menu is designed for 5 meals a day. Since you should not allow yourself to feel hungry during the day or night, you can eat an apple, grapefruit, carrot, or drink a fermented milk product. A sample menu for several days might look like this:

First option

Breakfast	sugar-free bran muesli with yogurt; grape juice
Lunch	vegetable salad; natural apple juice
Dinner	borscht in vegetable broth; boiled beef; mixed vegetables with olive oil
Afternoon snack	2 bran breads; apple
Dinner	green beans boiled with corn oil; cheese; bread; Green Tea

Second option

Breakfast	1 egg and 1 egg white omelet with zucchini and bell pepper; rye bread toast; coffee with milk
Lunch	fruit salad; bran bread
Dinner	vegetable soup; baked pike perch; vegetable salad with linseed oil; compote
Afternoon snack	low fat bran yogurt
Dinner	salad with unsalted cheese "Grace"; diet bread; tomato juice

Third option

Breakfast	cereal porridge with water; plum juice; Green Tea
Lunch	tangerines or orange
Dinner	boiled chicken breast; rice; cabbage and carrot salad; rosehip decoction
Afternoon snack	vegetable salad with bran and olive oil; yoghurt
Dinner	baked fish in aluminum foil; vegetable salad with corn oil; juice

Below is a table of foods low incholesterol, from which you can make a diet.

Product name	Presented	Forbidden
Fish	Lean sea fish (hake, blue whiting, haddock, navaga, haddock, haddock) and pike three times a week.	Salmon, mackerel, sardine, eel, mackerel, herring, oysters, caviar, shrimp, prepared fish, river fish in limited quantities.
Eggs	Up to 3 pieces per week.	Bud.
Fats	Sunflower, corn, olive or soybean oils, up to 2 tablespoons a day.	Lard, margarine, palm and coconut oil, butter, animal fat.
Meat	Beef, rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef once or twice a week. Skinless poultry is allowed.	Pork, fatty beef, fatty lamb, duck and goose meat, sausages, liver, kidneys, brains, pâtés, sausages, sausages.
Dairy	Skimmed milk, skimmed kefir, yogurt, cheeses up to 20%, skimmed cottage cheese.	Whole cottage cheese, sour cream, cream, ice cream, curd mass, condensed milk, processed cheese.
Vegetables	Fresh and frozen, corn and beans.	Potatoes and potato snacks.
fruit	Everything except banana and grapes, as well as nuts.	Sugared fruits, pistachios and peanuts, hazelnuts.
Cereals	Whole wheat bread, brown rice, oats, whole wheat pasta.	White rice, semolina, buckwheat limit.
Bakery	Oatmeal cookies, muffins, dry cookies, "Fitness" cookies.	Cookies, pastries, rolls, cakes, puff pastry products.
sweets	Low-fat custards, gelatins without added sugar, fruit ice creams.	Chocolate, pastry cream, toffee, jam, pastille, sugar, syrups.
Drinks	Unsweetened juices, green tea, weak coffee, still mineral water.	Cocoa with milk, coffee with cream, sweet alcoholic and carbonated drinks.

Recipes

Baked fish with vegetables

0. 5 kg of pike perch fillet, 2-3 tomatoes, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, pepper, onion, 2 cloves of garlic, 2 tbsp. tablespoons of vegetable oil.

Coarsely chop the onion, garlic, zucchini and eggplant. Mix the vegetables, season with pepper, vegetable oil, Provencal herbs and marinate for 30 minutes. Also grease the fish fillet with oil and season with herbs. Place the prepared vegetables on foil, place the fish fillet on top and cover with small tomatoes. Bake for 15-20 minutes.

Baked fish with vegetables and cheese.

Hake fillet 500 g, carrot, onion, tomato, skimmed cheese 50 g, vegetable oil.

Cut the fillet into portions, marinate with spices and allspice. In a frying pan, simmer finely chopped onion and grated carrots, adding a little vegetable oil. Place the hake fillet on a small plate, cover with a layer of stewed vegetables and chopped tomato slices. Bake for 20 minutes, sprinkle with grated cheese at the end and put in the oven for another 3 minutes.

baked chicken breast

Chicken fillet 300 g, fresh vegetables and herbs to taste, olive oil 1 tablespoon. l. , milk 0. 25 cups, garlic.

Lightly beat the chicken fillet and marinate in olive oil with garlic, rosemary and milk for half an hour. Place in a mold and bake. Season the finished dish with salt and serve with fresh vegetables.

Chicken fillet with green beans

A chicken fillet, 300 g of beans, pepper, spices, olive oil, salt.

Cut the chicken fillet into cubes and cook over low heat until half cooked in a saucepan with a little water. Add frozen green beans, spices to taste and simmer covered until chicken is fully cooked. Before serving, add the herbs, olive oil and a little salt. Serve hot.

Contraindications

PregnantANDbreastfeeding women, adolescents, sickMellitus diabetes(insulin dependent) this diet is not recommended.

Advantages and disadvantages

pros	Disadvantages
Cheap and accessible. Includes a variety of products. Normalizes lipid metabolism. Relieves excess weight. Reduces the risk of cardiovascular pathology.	Unbalanced. There are no simple carbohydrates, so many patients find them difficult to tolerate. Not suitable for pregnant, lactating women and children.

Reviews and results

This diet is designed for 3 months in some cases and longer on a doctor's recommendation. This diet program allows you to lose weight and improve your overall health. Many notice the normalization of levels.cholesterolANDblood pressure, disappearanceconstipationANDacidity, which is associated with the exclusion of fatty and fried foods.

• ". . . The problem with cholesterol arose recently, and the doctor insisted that if I had high bad cholesterol I should start taking pills, but I decided to try to normalize everything with nutrition, and I would have time to take the pills. For now I am without medications, I follow my diet very strictly, I believe there will be results. I didn't get tested again, but my blood pressure returned to normal and I lost weight. ";
• ". . . All in combination: the anti-cholesterol diet and the pills that I followed for 3 months gave results. The doctor told me not to get my hopes up, that if there is a disorder of lipid metabolism, then I need to constantly eat well.";
• ". . . There were changes in the lipid profile and the doctor said we could still try to get everything back to normal with nutrition. I researched all the recommendations on the Internet, made a list of foods that help with high cholesterol and got to work. At first it was difficult for me to limit myself to sweets, cheese and fried foods, especially since I had never eaten so many vegetables. But in three months there were changes: we managed to reduce cholesterol, but not yet to normal. The general condition has improved, even the weight has decreased."

Diet price

Medical nutrition is not very expensive. A wide selection of available products allows you to vary and change your diet according to your desires and capabilities. The basis of the diet is fruits, vegetables, cereals and fish.